South Korea’s benchmark KOSPI has plunged more than 33% in July, its worst month in history. The collapse surpasses the October 1997 IMF crisis, when the index lost 27%, and the October 2008 global financial crisis at 23%.
The index closed at 5,593.56 on Thursday, down another 1.23%, after a 5% morning rebound faded. A violent unwind of leveraged bets on the country’s AI chip champions drove the record decline.
Leverage, AI Doubts, and a China Shock Ended a Historic Rally
The KOSPI more than doubled in the first half of 2026. It gained 116% at its peak and hit an all-time high of 9,385.59 in June, briefly making South Korea the world’s sixth-largest stock market.
Leverage powered the climb. Outstanding leveraged bets reached a record 29.2 trillion won, roughly $19.7 billion, in early July. Retail investors piled into single-stock ETFs tied to Samsung Electronics and SK Hynix.
The reversal proved just as extreme. The index entered a technical bear market by mid-July as the global AI trade unwound, while the Bank of Korea delivered its first rate hike since 2023.
Then came the knockout blows. On July 28, reports that China had begun mass production of homegrown DUV chipmaking tools crushed semiconductor stocks. SK Hynix’s earnings miss deepened the panic a day later.
SK Hynix posted record second-quarter revenue of 79.3 trillion won, yet still missed LSEG estimates of 84 trillion won. The stock fell 9.61% on Wednesday. Over the past month, Samsung has lost 35.45% and SK Hynix 46.69%.
Circuit breakers halted trading on July 28 and 29, the first time they fired on consecutive sessions. The two days erased 864.5 trillion won and prompted an emergency meeting of South Korea’s top financial authorities.
Finance Minister Koo Yun-cheol conceded the leveraged products deserved closer scrutiny before launch.
“We’ve already put in place a package of measures, but if it’s needed we’ll introduce additional steps to help normalise the market.”
5 Reasons Behind the South Korea Stock Market Crash
The selloff had no single trigger. Five forces hit a stretched market at the same time.
| Reason | What happened |
|---|---|
| Record leverage | 29.2 trillion won ($19.7 billion) in leveraged bets, with single-stock ETFs magnifying every swing |
| AI trade unwind | Global doubts over AI spending hit a market where two chipmakers dominate the index |
| China chip shock | Mass production of homegrown DUV tools and the $8.6 billion CXMT IPO threatened DRAM prices |
| SK Hynix earnings miss | Record Q2 revenue of 79.3 trillion won still fell short of the 84 trillion won estimate |
| Tightening and outflows | The Bank of Korea’s first rate hike since 2023, plus heavy foreign and institutional selling |
Each factor fed the next. Falling prices triggered margin calls, forced selling deepened the losses, and leveraged ETFs mechanically sold more into the decline.
KOSPI Chart Shows a Crash Deeper Than COVID as 5,100 Support Holds
The monthly chart puts the collapse in historical context. July’s candle opened at 8,591.50 and fell as low as 5,262.77, a 38.95% drop from the month’s high of 8,620.15.
That move is now sharper than the COVID-19 crash (blue zone). In March 2020, the KOSPI fell 31.10% from high to low before staging a multi-year recovery. Measured from June’s record high of 9,385.59, the current drawdown approaches 44%.
Buyers have defended the first support zone so far. The index tapped the 5,100 to 5,300 area this week, and the July low landed inside it before Thursday’s modest bounce attempt.
If the zone breaks, the downside opens considerably. The next major support sits between 3,200 and 3,400, the area that capped the index in 2021. That zone lies roughly 40% below current levels.
Regulators’ new curbs on leveraged ETFs may decide what comes next. Either the 5,100 floor holds and stabilization begins, or the record crash finds another leg lower.