Bitcoin has climbed roughly 5% over the past week, recovering toward $74,900 after a difficult stretch that left the asset down about 15% year to date.
For investors who want exposure to Bitcoin’s price action without holding the cryptocurrency directly, three main ETF structures are available. These include a futures-based fund that offers a distribution yield, the oldest and largest spot Bitcoin ETF, and a low-cost spot ETF designed for simple, straightforward price tracking. While all three track the same underlying asset, they differ meaningfully in mechanics, costs, and history, so the choice between them can have real long-term implications.
ProShares Bitcoin ETF: The Futures Pioneer With an Income Twist
ProShares Bitcoin ETF (NYSEARCA:BITO) launched in October 2021 as the first U.S. bitcoin-linked ETF, and it built its case on a futures-based structure rather than holding Bitcoin directly. The fund gains exposure through CME Bitcoin futures contracts, rolling them forward as they expire. That mechanism is the source of both BITO’s distinctive income distribution and its most significant structural friction.
Because futures contracts must be rolled over continuously, the fund generates regular distributions. The stated dividend yield is near 0.9%, though this figure reflects the mechanics of the futures structure rather than traditional dividend income and will fluctuate with Bitcoin’s volatility and the shape of the futures curve. The expense ratio is 0.95%, the highest among the three funds covered here, and the fund holds approximately $1.7 billion in assets.
Roll cost is the primary structural friction. When the futures curve is in contango, meaning later-dated contracts are priced higher than near-term ones, rolling contracts forward costs the fund a small amount each cycle. That drag compounds over time. BITO has returned -15% over the past year and -14% year to date, modestly underperforming Bitcoin’s own -11% one-year decline. Roll costs and the higher expense ratio contribute to that difference over time.
BITO’s advantage is its track record, as it has traded through multiple Bitcoin cycles since 2021, giving it more history than any spot Bitcoin ETF. For investors in brokerage accounts where spot ETFs remain inaccessible, or those who specifically want a futures-based structure, BITO is the most established option. For long-term holders with access to spot ETFs, the structural drag is a real cost worth weighing.
Grayscale Bitcoin Trust: The Largest Fund With the Highest Fee
Grayscale Bitcoin Trust (NYSE:GBTC) is the oldest vehicle on this list, having launched as a private trust in September 2013 before converting to a spot ETF in January 2024. That conversion eliminated the premium and discount dynamics that had plagued the trust structure for years, during which shares traded at discounts of nearly 50% to the underlying Bitcoin value. Today, GBTC holds actual Bitcoin and trades on the NYSE like any other ETF.
With approximately $10.5 billion in assets, GBTC is by far the largest Bitcoin ETF by that measure. Its scale reflects a decade of accumulated investor capital that predates the spot ETF era, and it carries the institutional recognition that comes with being the dominant product in the space for most of Bitcoin’s mainstream history. The fund’s one-week return of about 3% closely tracks Bitcoin’s recent bounce, as a spot fund should.
The significant caveat is cost. GBTC carries an expense ratio of 1.5%, the highest of the three funds and well above the fees charged by newer spot ETF competitors. Grayscale has addressed this by launching the Grayscale Bitcoin Mini Trust as a lower-cost alternative, while GBTC retains its original fee structure. For long-term holders, that 1.5% annual drag is a meaningful performance headwind compared with spot ETFs charging a fraction of that.
GBTC also pays no dividend. Its year-to-date return of roughly -15% broadly mirrors Bitcoin’s own decline, which is expected from a spot fund. Investors drawn to GBTC are typically those who have held it since the trust era, or institutional buyers who prioritize the fund’s size and liquidity profile over cost optimization.
ARK 21Shares Bitcoin ETF: The Low-Cost Spot Option
ARK 21Shares Bitcoin ETF (CBOE:ARKB) launched in January 2024 amid a wave of spot Bitcoin ETF approvals. Like GBTC, it holds actual Bitcoin rather than futures contracts, and is built around cost efficiency. The expense ratio is 0.21%, placing it among the least expensive Bitcoin ETFs available and well below both BITO and GBTC.
The fund has grown to approximately $2.4 billion in assets since its January 2024 debut, a meaningful base for a fund that has only been trading for roughly two years. Its price performance tracks Bitcoin closely, as the spot structure intends: ARKB is down about 14% year to date and about 10% over the past year, consistent with Bitcoin’s own trajectory. The one-week gain of only 2% reflects the recent Bitcoin recovery with minimal structural friction.
ARKB pays no dividend, which is standard for a spot Bitcoin ETF. The fund is a joint product of ARK Investment Management and 21Shares, combining ARK’s brand recognition with 21Shares’ experience in crypto ETP structures. ARKB offers low-cost, direct Bitcoin exposure in a regulated ETF wrapper with no futures roll drag and no premium or discount risk.
The tradeoff relative to GBTC is size and track record. GBTC’s $10.5 billion asset base dwarfs ARKB’s $2.4 billion, which can matter to institutional investors who prioritize liquidity and trading depth. For most retail investors, ARKB’s tighter cost structure is the more relevant consideration.
How Cost and Structure Separate These Three Funds
ARKB currently offers the lowest expense ratio among the three at 0.21% per year. GBTC provides the same spot Bitcoin exposure and benefits from the longest history and largest asset base, but its 1.5% expense ratio represents a meaningful drag that compounds over time for long-term holders.
BITO appeals to investors who specifically need a futures-based product, prefer a monthly distribution, or hold accounts where spot Bitcoin ETFs are not yet available. However, its higher fees and ongoing futures roll costs make it significantly less efficient as a long-term holding compared to the spot alternatives.