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    Home»Bitcoin»TeraWulf’s record $3.2B note, miner debt tops $20 billion, Jane Street’s BitFarms and Cipher position, and why AI companies are buying jet engines
    Bitcoin

    TeraWulf’s record $3.2B note, miner debt tops $20 billion, Jane Street’s BitFarms and Cipher position, and why AI companies are buying jet engines

    October 24, 20254 Mins Read


    What happened in Bitcoin mining this week? Scroll below to get the headlines and highlights from around the industry.

    Alternatively, click here to watch the latest Mining Pod from Blockspace Media.

    Bitcoin’s price slide from recent highs has left miners navigating shrinking margins. Hashprice hovers near $47 per petahash per day, while Luxor’s Hashrate Index reported a  -2.7% difficulty adjustment, giving only brief relief.

    The next adjustment is forecast to climb 4.7%, signaling tighter mining economics ahead. Transaction throughput sits around 5.4 transactions per second, double 2022 levels but mostly from low-value, low-fee transactions.

    TeraWulf (Nasdaq: WULF) has priced a $3.2 billion senior secured note due 2030 at 7.75%, the biggest debt issuance in Bitcoin-mining history. Unlike 2021’s risky ASIC-backed loans, this note is collateralized by HPC data centers hardware.

    The proceeds will fund the massive capital outlays for AI and high-performance computing expansion, and helps cement TeraWulf among the leading hybrid compute operators.

    Read more: JonesResearch sees 72% upside for TeraWulf, doubling original price target

    BitFarms (Nasdaq: BITF) followed TeraWulf’s news with an upsized $588 million convertible note, netting $568 million and a 1.375% coupon. The raise underscores a growing reliance on structured debt—convertibles for flexibility, secured notes for stability—as miners fund their AI transitions.

    BitFarms’ ownership of a Pennsylvania coal-fired power plant adds leverage: vertical integration gives it unique pricing control for data-center tenants and AI workloads. BITF has been a favorite among retail traders, and is up some 196% year-to-date.

    A Tom’s Hardware report highlighted data-center operators turning to repurposed aircraft jet engines to meet AI-era power demand. Each turbine can deliver up to 48 MW, temporarily bridging grid delays that often stretch multiple years.

    At the North American Blockchain Summit, industry executives confirmed an “arms race” for generators and transformers, with supply chains straining under AI build-outs. One operator quipped that “JetBlue might be worth more for its engines than its airline business.”

    It’s an absurd but telling snapshot of how energy scarcity now drives valuations in digital infrastructure.

    CleanSpark (Nasdaq: CLSK) appointed Jeffrey Thomas as Senior VP of AI Data Centers. Formerly president of Humane’s Saudi AI program, Thomas will lead CleanSpark’s HPC expansion strategy as the firm explores AI workloads alongside Bitcoin mining.

    The move follows CEO succession earlier this year and signals serious intent to compete with peers like Cipher Mining (Nasdaq: CIFR) and IREN (Nasdaq: IREN), who already blend compute services with Bitcoin production.

    According to VanEck estimates, total Bitcoin-miner debt now exceeds $20 billion, up sharply since 2023. But unlike the catastrophic 2021-22 cycle—when miners borrowed against ASICs valued at $12,000 apiece—today’s debt is largely backed by physical infrastructure and convertible instruments.

    Institutional lenders, once wary of mining volatility, now view data-center collateral as bankable. In 2021, miners’ loans were often secured by ASICs that depreciated faster than their repayment schedules. When hashprice collapsed in 2022, defaults cascaded, pushing firms like Core Scientific into bankruptcy.

    The Kadena blockchain announced its core team would be stepping back from maintaining the network, sending the price crashing.

    Once backed by Bitmain-manufactured ASICs, Kadena’s price cratered from $2 to $0.06. Its demise marks the end of another short-lived alt-PoW experiment, leaving miners to chase the next speculative “K-chain.”

    Jane Street takes stake in BitFarms, Cipher

    Market maker Jane Street filed two Schedule 13G’s on October 23 which revealed that they held sizable positions in Bitfarms (BITF) and Cipher Mining (CIFR). The Bitfarms filing showed 29,920,704 shares of BITF, representing 5.4% of the company’s outstanding stock. Jane Street also disclosed a 5.0% stake in CIFR, totaling 19,682,871 shares.

    For now, it’s likely the positions are used for internal trading purposes versus a long term hold position.



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