Over the long run, Wall Street is, arguably, the world’s greatest wealth creator. The benchmark S&P 500 (^GSPC 1.33%) has never declined over any rolling 20-year period, while the Dow Jones Industrial Average (^DJI 0.95%) and Nasdaq Composite (^IXIC 1.59%) have often rallied in lockstep with the S&P 500 to record-closing highs.
However, short-term directional moves in equities are far less certain — especially when major geopolitical events are introduced into the equation.
Image source: Getty Images.
On Feb. 28, U.S. and Israeli forces commenced military operations against Iran, which has clearly roiled equity markets. The question on investors’ minds is: Will the Iran war lead to a stock market crash?
While nothing can be said with concrete certainty, nine decades of history provide invaluable insight.
Major geopolitical events can create brief periods of panic in select situations
Over the previous nine decades, there has been no shortage of major geopolitical events, including wars, terrorist attacks, assassination attempts on world leaders, invasions, and financial crises. While many of these events resulted in emotion-driven trading and heightened short-term volatility, a stock market crash was uncommon.
But among these dozens of major geopolitical events, the one variable that has increased the probability of a stock market crash is oil. When global energy supply is disrupted or at risk of being constrained by a geopolitical event, we’ve been more likely to see a significant short-term swoon in stocks or even a brief stock market crash.
The five-month Oil Embargo of 1973 wreaked havoc on equity markets. ^SPX data by YCharts. Above chart from Oct. 16, 1973-Oct. 3, 1974.
For example, in the three weeks following Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait in August 1990, the S&P 500 shed 13% of its value. In October 1973, when the Arab members of OPEC banned oil exports to select nations supporting Israel (the U.S. included), the S&P 500 lost 17% of its value in under two months, and plummeted by roughly 44% over 11.5 months.
When the supply of oil is constrained, its spot price can soar. In the wake of the Iran war commencing and the Strait of Hormuz closing to most oil exports, the spot price for West Texas Intermediate crude skyrocketed by 36% this week. Aside from increasing prices at the pump, higher oil prices are known to adversely affect hiring and compress margins across a variety of industries.
While nine decades of historical precedent don’t guarantee anything, the probability of a crash event during the Iran war is higher than for most other geopolitical events.
The nonlinear nature of economic cycles favors long-term optimism
While history suggests turbulence is to be expected, decades of economic cycle data show how important it is for investors to maintain perspective.
Here’s a list of major geopolitical events since WWII.
Up a median of 5% six months later. All of them felt really bad at the time. pic.twitter.com/Jb3QXL0L05
— Ryan Detrick, CMT (@RyanDetrick) February 28, 2026
According to data compiled by Carson Group’s Chief Market Strategist Ryan Detrick, the S&P 500 was higher 65% of the time one year after major geopolitical events began, since World War II. Although the average annual return of 3% was subpar, when compared to the stock market’s long-term annualized return, optimism still prevailed more often than not.
What’s more, data from Bespoke Investment Group shows that the average bear market (20% or greater) downturn in the S&P 500 has resolved in 286 calendar days since the start of the Great Depression (September 1929). Meanwhile, the typical S&P 500 bull market has lasted approximately 3.5 times longer (1,011 calendar days).
If a crash event does ensue from the Iran war, history implies it would be short-lived and a buying opportunity for opportunistic long-term investors.