- Satoshi Nakamoto controls 1.1M BTC mined from 2009-2010, worth $128B at current Bitcoin prices.
- Coinbase leads exchanges with 974K BTC under custody, giving it control over 4% of Bitcoin’s supply.
- The U.S. Government holds 198K BTC from Silk Road and Bitfinex seizures, valued at $23B in 2025.
- MicroStrategy tops public companies with 629K BTC, continuing its aggressive purchase strategy this year.
Bitcoin ownership has never been more concentrated. Wallet data shows that a handful of entities control a large share of BTC. Prices recently hit $124,000, putting these holders deep into profit.
Arkham Intelligence has mapped out many of these wallets, revealing who really holds Bitcoin in 2025. From Satoshi Nakamoto to governments and exchanges, the biggest players are holding firm.
Satoshi Nakamoto and the Largest Individual BTC Holders
Arkham data shows Satoshi Nakamoto mined 22,000 blocks during Bitcoin’s early years, collecting roughly 1.1 million BTC. Those coins, spread across 22,000 addresses, are worth about $128 billion at current prices. The pseudonymous creator has never moved most of these funds.
The LuBian hacker sits second on the list, holding 127,426 BTC taken in the 2020 breach. Those coins are now valued at over $14.8 billion.
The Winklevoss twins, founders of Gemini, once held around 70,000 BTC but now sit at 17,688 BTC. Tim Draper, known for buying Bitcoin through U.S. Marshals auctions in 2014, is estimated to hold 33,806 BTC.
WHO OWNS THE MOST BITCOIN?
The largest holders of Bitcoin include governments, treasury companies, asset managers, and individuals, including Satoshi Nakamoto, the richest individual Bitcoin whale.
Check out our article on the largest BTC holders below: pic.twitter.com/oVyVpGpEy3
— Arkham (@arkham) September 12, 2025
Michael Saylor, co-founder of MicroStrategy, personally owns 17,732 BTC. He continues to promote Bitcoin as a store of value and shares updates on social platforms regularly.
Public Companies, Governments, and Exchanges Holding Bitcoin
MicroStrategy remains the largest public company holder with 629,376 BTC worth $72.4 billion. Its purchases have continued through 2025. Galaxy Digital, MARA, and Tesla also remain major corporate holders, with Tesla holding 11,509 BTC after selling a large portion in 2022.
Governments hold huge amounts too. The U.S. Government currently controls 198,022 BTC seized from Silk Road cases and the Bitfinex hack. The United Kingdom holds 61,245 BTC from criminal seizures, while Bulgaria’s 213,519 BTC haul from 2017 remains a subject of speculation.
Coinbase is the largest exchange custodian with 974,400 BTC on-chain. Binance follows with 622,280 BTC, and Upbit secures 170,800 BTC for customers. These wallets play a crucial role in liquidity for traders worldwide.
Unknown whale wallets still exist, with many inactive since creation. Six of the ten largest unattributed wallets have had no recent transactions. According to Arkham, seven of the top ten were created after 2018, suggesting accumulation during later cycles.
